Nowadays it is very easy to display numbers and letters across multiple LED displays using micro-controllers, such as the Arduino or Raspberry-Pi, along with a small bit of software related code to display the required digits. But sometimes as an Electronics student or hobbyist we want to display two or…
Circuits often require an integrated AC power source as the optimum strategy to reduce size, cost or due to application specific needs. Understanding the key concepts associated with conversion and the practical alternatives available is a good start towards a successful design. Safety First! When the AC source is a…
The job of a counter is to count by advancing the contents of the counter by one count with each clock pulse. Counters which advance their sequence of numbers or states when activated by a clock input are said to operate in a “count-up” mode. Likewise, counters which decrease their…
As well as counting “up” from zero and increasing or incrementing to some preset value, it is sometimes necessary to count “down” from a predetermined value to zero allowing us to produce an output that activates when the zero count or some other pre-set value is reached. This type of…
We saw previously that toggle T-type flip flops can be used as individual divide-by-two counters. If we connect together several toggle flip-flops in a series chain we can produce a digital counter which stores or display the number of times a particular count sequence has occurred. Clocked T-type flip-flops act…
The electronics student or hobbyist’s always likes to make various circuits for their home or school and especially ones that flashes a few lights, and there are many circuits and kits on the market that can flash any number of LED’s or lights periodically, randomly or sequentially but one very…