Ammeter
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Ammeter

We saw in our last tutorial that a permanent magnet moving-coil (PMMC) galvanometer is a type of instrument in which a current carrying coil is placed within a permanent magnetic field. When an electric current ( I ) passes through the coil, the electromagnetic field created around it reacts against the permanent…

Voltmeter
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Voltmeter

When analysing the operation of electrical and electronic circuits, or trying to understand why a circuit does not work as expected, eventually you will need to use a Voltmeter to measure the various voltage levels. Voltmeters used for the measurement of voltage come in many shapes and sizes, either analogue or digital,…

Wheatstone Bridge
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Wheatstone Bridge

The Wheatstone Bridge diamond shaped circuit who’s concept was developed by Charles Wheatstone can be used to accurately measure unknown resistance values, or as a means of calibrating measuring instruments, voltmeters, ammeters, etc, by the use of a variable resistance and a simple mathematical formula. Although today digital multimeters provide the simplest…